Ground Freezing Methodology and Purpose
Instead of conventional grouting method, artificial ground freezing is selected as the ground treatment for TBM break-through. Ground freezing is also adopted as a temporary measure for the Part B tunnel to strengthen the ground conditions around the tunnel for its construction. For the TBM break-through, artificial ground freezing (AGF) technique using brine as the freezing agent was adopted to form a block of frozen soil in front of the tunnel eye of the Launching Shaft. This block of frozen soil gained significant strength and was practically impermeable such that stability of the ground and minimum water ingress into the Launching Shaft were ensured when the TBM cut into the soil layer behind the diaphragm wall (D-wall) at the tunnel eye location of the Launching Shaft.
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